ECONOMIC STRUCTURE

Economic indicators

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998^a

GDP at factor cost^b (Birr bn)

26.3

31.4

35.1

38.2

42.4^c

Real GDP growth^b (%)

  1.6

   6.2

10.6

10.5

  0.5^c

Consumer price inflation (av; %)

   7.6

    10.1

-5.1

-3.7

  3.9

Population^d (m)

54.9

56.7

58.5

60.2

61.9

Exports fob ( $ m)

372

423

438

557

550

Imports fob ( $m)

926

1,137

1,235

1,005

1,300

Current-account balance ( $m)

125.4

-9.7

-149.4

-38.9

-110.0

Reserves excl gold (year-end;$m)

544.2

771.5

732.2

501.1

511.1^c

Total external debt ( $m)

10,067

10,309

10,078

10,079

 n/a

External debt-service, paid (%)

19.8

19.1

42.2

    9.5

n/a

Coffee production^de (‘000 tonnes)

228

230

230

250

250

Exchange rate (av; Birr:$)

5.09

6.15

6.35

6.71

7.11^c

Origins of GDP 1995^d               % of total

Components of GDP 1995^d           % of total

Agriculture & forestry                        55.3

Private consumption                               81.1

Other production sectors                  11.9

Government consumption                      12.3

     Manufacturing                                7.5

Gross fixed capital formation                  15.6

Services                                            32.8

Exports of goods & services                   14.2

GDP at factor cost                                      100.0

Imports of goods & services                  -23.2

GDP at market prices                                                100.0

Principal exports for 1996/97^b                   % m

Principal imports 1996/97^b                          $ m

Coffee                                                356.5

Captial goods                                    515.0

Gold                                                     64.0

Consumer goods                               322.5

Hides & skins                                       55.5

Semi-finished goods                          269.8

Oilseeds                                                 8.3

Fuel                                                    231.8

Main destinations of exports 1997^f        % of total

Main origins of imports 1997^f            % of total 

Germany                                              22.4

Italy                                                 10.1

Japan                                                   11.5

US                                                     9.3

Italy                                                        9.4

Japan                                                8.1

UK                                                          4.6

Jordan                                               5.4